Saturday, December 5, 2015
What did I learned during the third grading period?
EZER CAJEGAS
I learned about the Renaissance and reformation period, I learned that renaissance is a french word that means "rebirth", it was called "rebirth". I learned about the early humanists the renaissance education and about the Masterpieces of the Renaissance and the effects of the Renaissance and other side scientists and their inventions. I learned about the Growth Nation States how the states grow and become a better and good state and the The spread of European Power step by step they spread their power through forces and it ends and goes to second stage of colonization the French and England have a war.
SHANNEL MAGALLANES
in this grading I learn about many things just like the renaissasnce and Reformation and the Masterpieces of the renaissance and the famous painters during renaissance period. MichelAngelo Buonarroti, Raphael Santi, and Leonardo Da Vinci and I also learn about there paintings all about. And I also learn about the scientific method.And I also learn who discover the x-ray. And I also learn about Galileo Galilei he is an Italian Scientist and a mathematician he is also the one who invented the telescope. And I also learn about who invented the ointment,Ambroise Pare. I also learn about Jean Jacques Rousseau He believed that human beings are naturally good but his environment is corrupting.
SAMUEL TECUALA
In the whole third quarter period, I learned a sumptuous insight and lessons tackling about different topics that changed the course of our history. The Renaissance Period, The French Revolution, The American Revolution, and the unforgettable stories and happenings that lies within. The lessons possesses a vast array of war, corruption, redemption, hope, curiosity, and discovery.
JEWEL KAISER GLORIA
This grading I learned about the famous artists and their artworks during the renaissance period . I also learned about the inventors and their invetions . Also the famous philosophers during the reformation period . The expeditions of the spaniards all over the world . I also learned about how the americans got their independence from the hands of the Britain
ALDRIN CUA
In the third Grading period, I learned a lot of things I learned about Renaissance period,which led to some discoveries and some philosophies that led to Colonization.I also learned that in the past Europeans were scared to explore other countries because they believed that the Earth was flat but due to Renaissance period they were able to prove that Earth is round and not flat .I learned about the motives or reason for colonization. The reason or motives for their colonization is for God,Gold and Glory.I also learned the countries that involved in colonization Like Netherlands,Spain,Portugal,England and France.I also learned about Scientific Period,Enlightenment Period and Industrial Revolution.I learned that a lot of philosophies emerged during Enlightenment Period and a lot of Inventions were made during Industrial revolution, Which led to some Positive effect like it saves time and manpower while its negative effect is It forced some company or factories to fire some workers because machineries are the one who is mostly making the job.
In this Grading, I also learned about the reason of French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte.
Thursday, December 3, 2015
Timeline of American Revolution until to its Independence
1760 – Pierre de Rigaud, Governor of New France, capitulates (September 8) to Field Marshal Jeffrey Amherst. This ends most fighting in North America between France and Great Britain in the French and Indian War. Amherst becomes the First British Governor-General of territories that would later become Canada plus lands (Ohio Country and Illinois Country) west of the American Colonies.
1760 – King George II of Great Britain dies (October 25) and is succeeded by his grandson George III.
1761 - New England Planters immigrate to Nova Scotia, Canada (1759-1768) to take up lands left vacant after the Expulsion of the Acadians.
1763 – The Treaty of Paris (February 10) formally ends the French and Indian War. France cedes most of its territories in North America to Great Britain, but Louisiana west of the Mississippi River is ceded to Spain.
1763 – Previously allied with France, Native American tribes in the Great Lakes region resist the policies of the British under Amherst. Pontiac's Rebellion begins, lasting until 1766.
The extent of America's territorial growth prior to the Revolution. The westward border established by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 is shown.
1763 – King George's Royal Proclamation of 1763 (October 7) establishes administration in territories newly ceded by France. To prevent further violence between settlers and Native Americans, the Proclamation sets a western boundary on the American colonies.
1764 – The Sugar Act (April 5), intended to raise revenues, and the Currency Act (September 1), prohibiting the colonies from issuing paper money, are passed by Parliament. These Acts, coming during the economic slump that followed the French and Indian War, are resented by the colonists and lead to protests.
1765 – To help defray the cost of keeping troops in America, Parliament enacts (March 22) the Stamp Act, imposing a tax on many types of printed materials used in the colonies. Seen as a violation of rights, the Act sparks violent demonstrations in several Colonies. Virginia's House of Burgesses adopts (May 29) the Virginia Resolves claiming that, under British law, Virginians could be taxed only by an assembly to which they had elected representatives. Delegates from nine colonies attend the Stamp Act Congress which adopts (October 19) a Declaration of Rights and Grievances and petitions Parliament and the king to repeal the Act.
1765 – Parliament enacts (March 24) the Quartering Act, requiring the Colonies to provide housing, food, and other provisions to British troops. The act is resisted or circumvented in most of the colonies. In 1767 and again in 1769, Parliament suspended the governor and legislature of New York for failure to comply.
1766 – The British Parliament repeals (March 18) the unpopular Stamp Act of the previous year, but, in the simultaneous Declaratory Act, asserts its "full power and authority to make laws and statutes ... to bind the colonies and people of America ... in all cases whatsoever".
1766 – Liberty Pole erected in New York City commons in celebration of the Stamp Act repeal (May 21). An intermittent skirmish with the British garrison over the removal of this and other poles, and their replacement by the Sons of Liberty, rages until the Province of New York is under the control of the revolutionary New York Provincial Congress in 1775
1767 – The Townshend Acts, named for Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend, are passed by Parliament (June 29), placing duties on many items imported into America.
1768 - In April, England's Secretary of State for the Colonies, Lord Hillsborough, orders colonial governors to stop their own assemblies from endorsing Adams' circular letter. Hillsborough also orders the governor of Massachusetts to dissolve the general court if the Massachusetts assembly does not revoke the letter. By month's end, the assemblies of New Hampshire, Connecticut and New Jersey have endorsed the letter.
1768 - In May, a British warship armed with 50 cannons sails into Boston harbor after a call for help from custom commissioners who are constantly being harassed by Boston agitators. In June, a customs official is locked up in the cabin of the Liberty, a sloop owned by John Hancock. Imported wine is then unloaded illegally into Boston without payment of duties. Following this incident, customs officials seize Hancock's sloop. After threats of violence from Bostonians, the customs officials escape to an island off Boston, then request the intervention of British troops.
1768 - In July, the governor of Massachusetts dissolves the general court after the legislature defies his order to revoke Adams' circular letter. In August, in Boston and New York, merchants agree to boycott most British goods until the Townshend Acts are repealed. In September, at a town meeting in Boston, residents are urged to arm themselves. Later in September, English warships sail into Boston Harbor, then two regiments of English infantry land in Boston and set up permanent residence to keep order.
1769 – To the Betrayed Inhabitants of the City and Colony of New York broadside published by the local Sons of Liberty (c. December)
1770 – Golden Hill incident in which British troops wound civilians, including one death (January 19)
1770 – Lord North becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain (January 28)
"The Boston Massacre," an engraving by patriot Paul Revere.
1770 – Boston Massacre (March 5)
1771 – Battle of Alamance in North Carolina (May 16)
1772 – Samuel Adams organizes the Committees of Correspondence
1772 – Gaspee Affair (June 9)
1772 – The Watauga Association in what would become Tennessee declares itself independent.
1773 – Parliament passes the Tea Act (May 10)
1773 – Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York published by local Sons of Liberty (December 15)
1773 – Boston Tea Party (December 16)
1774 – Benjamin Franklin, Massachusetts' agent in London, is questioned before Parliament
1774 – Lord Dunmore's War
1774 – British pass Intolerable Acts, including:
Boston Port Act (March 31)
Administration of Justice Act (May 20),
Massachusetts Government Act (May 20),
A second Quartering Act (June 2), and
Quebec Act
1774 – The Powder Alarm, General Gage's secret raid on the Cambridge powder magazine (September 1)
1774 – The First Continental Congress meets; twelve colonies send delegates
1774 – Burning of the HMS Peggy Stewart (October 19)
1774 - Petition to the King (October 26)
1774 – Greenwich Tea Party (December 22)
1775 – Battles of Lexington and Concord, followed by the Siege of Boston (April 19)
1775 - Gunpowder Incident April 20)
1775 – Skenesboro, New York (now Whitehall, New York) captured by Lt Samuel Herrick. (May 9)
1775 – Fort Ticonderoga captured by Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold and the Green Mountain Boys. (May 10)
1775 – Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17)
1775 – The Second Continental Congress meets
1775 – Olive Branch Petition sent to King George III
1775 – Henry Knox transported fifty-nine captured cannons (taken from Fort Ticonderoga and Fort Crown Point) from upstate New York to Boston, MA. Trip took 56 days to complete. (Dec. 05, 1775 to Jan. 24,1776)
1776 – New Hampshire ratifies the first state constitution
1776 – Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense (January 10)
1776 – Battle of Nassau (March 3–4)
1776 – Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet (June 29)
1776 – The Second Continental Congress enacts (July 2) a resolution declaring independence from the British Empire, and then approves (July 4) the written Declaration of Independence.
1776 – Battle of Long Island, a.k.a. Battle of Brooklyn (August 27)
1776 – British prison ships begin in Wallabout Bay, New York
1776 – Staten Island Peace Conference (September 11)
1776 – Landing at Kip's Bay (September 15)
1776 – Battle of Harlem Heights (September 16)
1776 – Great Fire of New York (September 21–22)
1776 – Nathan Hale captured and executed for espionage (September 22)
1776 – Battle of Valcour Island (October 11)
1776 – Battle of White Plains (October 29)
1776 – Battle of Fort Washington (November 16)
1776 – Battle of Fort Lee (November 20)
1776 – Battle of Iron Works Hill (December 23 – December 26)
1776 – Battle of Trenton (December 26)
1777 – Second Battle of Trenton (January 2)
1777 – Battle of Princeton (January 3)
1777 – Forage War
1777 – Battle of Bound Brook (April 13)
1777 – Middlebrook encampment (May 28 – July 2)
1777 – Fort Ticonderoga abandoned by the Americans due to advancing British troops placing cannon on Mount Defiance. (July 5)
1777 – British retake Fort Ticonderoga. (July 6)
1777 – Battle of Hubbardton (July 7, 1777)
1777 – Delegates in Vermont, which was not one of the Thirteen Colonies, establish a republic and adopt (July 8) a constitution—the first in what is now the territory of the United States to prohibit slavery. (Vermont would become the fourteenth state in 1791.)
1777 – Battle of Short Hills (July 26)
1777 – Battle of Oriskany (August 6)
1777 – Battle of Bennington (August 16)
1777 – Battle of Brandywine (September 11)
1777 – Battle of Paoli (Paoli Massacre) (September 20)
1777 – British occupation of Philadelphia (September 26)
1777 – Battle of Germantown (October 4)
1777 – Two Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7) conclude with the surrender of the British army under General Burgoyne.
1777 – Battle of Red Bank (October 22)
1777 – Articles of Confederation adopted by the Second Continental Congress (November 15)
1777 – Battle of White Marsh (December 5 – December 8)
1777 – Battle of Matson's Ford (December 11)
1777–1778 – Continental Army in winter quarters at Valley Forge (December 19 – June 19)
1778 – Treaty of Alliance with France (February 6)
1778 – Battle of Barren Hill (May 20)
1778 – British occupation of Philadelphia ends (June)
1778 – Battle of Monmouth (June 28)
1778 - Capture of Savannah (December 28) British successfully launch their southern strategy
1778–1779 – Continental Army in winter quarters at Middlebrook encampment (November 30 – June 3)
1779 – Battle of Stony Point (July 16)
1779 – Battle of Paulus Hook (August 19)
1779–1780 – Continental Army in winter quarters at Morristown (December–May)
1780
January 15 – Congress establishes the Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture to provide for final adjudication of appeals from state court prize cases involving disposition of ships and cargo allegedly seized from the British.
January 28 – A stockade known as Fort Nashborough is founded on the banks of the Cumberland River.Two years later the site is renamed Nashville.
February 1 – Some 8,000 British forces under General Henry Clinton arrive in Charleston, South Carolina, from New York.
February 1 – New York cedes to Congress its western claims, including territory west of Lake Ontario. In 1792 New York will sell the Erie Triangle to Pennsylvania
March 14 – Bombardment of Fort Charlotte: After a two-week siege, Spanish general, colonial governor of Louisiana, and Viceroy of New Spain Bernardo de Gálvez captures Fort Charlotte, taking the port of Mobile (in present-day Alabama) from the British. Fort Charlotte was the last remaining British frontier post capable of threatening New Orleans in Spanish Louisiana. Its fall drove the British from the western reaches of West Florida and reduced the British military presence in West Florida to its capital, Pensacola.
April 8 – Siege of Charleston: British Army troops under General Henry Clinton and naval forces under Admiral Mariot Arbuthnot besiege Charleston, South Carolina. British ships sail past Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island to occupy Charleston Harbor. Washington will order reinforcements to Charleston, but the city falls on May 12 in what is arguably the worst American defeat of the war.
May 6 – Siege of Charleston: Fort Moultrie falls to the British.
May 12 – Siege of Charleston: American General Benjamin Lincoln surrenders Charleston to the British. The British lose 255 men while capturing a large American garrison.
May 29 – Battle of Waxhaws: A clash between Continental Army forces under Abraham Buford and a mainly Loyalist force led by Banastre Tarleton occurs near Lancaster, South Carolina in the Waxhaws area (close to present-day Buford). The British destroyed the American forces.
June 6 – Battle of Connecticut Farms
June 23 – Battle of Springfield. With the attempted British invasion of New Jersey stopped at Connecticut Farms and Springfield, major fighting in the North ends.
August 16 - Battle of Camden. British General Cornwallis gains a humiliating victory over Gates in South Carolina.
September 23 – John André captured and the treason of Benedict Arnold is exposed
September 26 - Battle of Charlotte
October 7 – Battle of Kings Mountain
1781
January 17 - Battle of Cowpens
March 1 – Articles of Confederation ratified
March 15 – Battle of Guilford Court House
September 5 - Battle of the Chesapeake
September 8 - Battle of Eutaw Springs
October 19 – The British surrender at Yorktown
December 31 – Bank of North America chartered
1782
February 27 – The British House of Commons votes against further war, informally recognizing American independence.
December 14 – British evacuate Charleston, South Carolina
1783
September 3 – The Treaty of Paris (1783) ends the American Revolutionary War
November 25 – The British evacuate New York, marking the end of British rule, and General George Washington triumphantly returns with the Continental Army.
1784
January 14 – The Treaty of Paris is ratified by the Congress.
April 9 – The Treaty of Paris is ratified by the British
May 12 – Ratified treaties are exchanged in Paris between the two nations.
August – "The state of Frankland," later known as Franklin, secedes from North Carolina
1785
Treaty of Hopewell (November 28)
Congress refuses admission of Franklin to the Union
1786
Shays' Rebellion
Annapolis Convention fails
1787
Northwest Ordinance
1788
North Carolina reconquers Franklin, which ceases to exist.
Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia and New York ratify the constitution
1789
United States presidential election, 1789
Constitution goes into effect
George Washington is inaugurated as President in New York City
The First United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act of 1789 and Hamilton tariff
Jay–Gardoqui Treaty
November 21 – North Carolina becomes the 12th state to ratify the Constitution, with a vote of 194–77
1790 – Rhode Island and Providence Plantations becomes the 13th state to ratify the Constitution, with a vote of 34–32 (May 29)
1791 - Ratification of the United States Bill of Rights
Timeline of French Revolution until the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte
August 15, 1769: ·Napoleon Bonaparte born in Ajaccio, Corsica.
May 17, 1779: ·Napoleon begins study at the royal military academy
October 17, 1784: ·Enrolls in the Ecole Militaire
October 28, 1785: ·Graduates from Ecole Militaire with the rank of second lieutenant in the artillery.
November 3, 1785: ·Stationed in Valence
May 5, 1789:-King Louis XVI calls forth the Estates General together for the first time in a long time. Featuring the clergy, the noblemen, and the rest of France together.
July 14, 1789: ·Paris mob storms the Bastille
June 17, 1789-After being removed from the Estates General, the Third Estate forms the National Assembly. They then swear to the Tennis Court saying that they will not leave
August 26, 1789-The Declaration of the Rights of Man is written and states that all men are equal under law. Women and children were not affected by this document.
October 5, 1789-Parisian market women lead a march on Versailles to protest about scarcity and high price of bread
July 12, 1790-The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is published allowing the French government control of the Church. Due to badly needed money, the government starts to sell church land.
June 20, 1791-King Louis XVI and his family attempt to flee from France but are caught at Verannes. They are sent back to Paris where the King is forced to go on trial.
May-October, 1792: ·While in Paris with his regiment, Napoleon witnesses the storming of the Tuileries Palace and the dethroning of the French King, Louis XVI.
January 21, 1793-After being put on trial the king is sentenced to death. He is executed by the guillotine on January 21, 1793.
June 13, 1793: ·Accused of being too pro-French, Napoleon and his family flee their household in Corsica
December 22, 1793: ·For his courage at an internal French battle at Toulon, Napoleon receives the new rank of brigadier general
September 1793 - July 1794-Thousands of people are sentenced to death by execution that is caused by conflict between two political parties the Jacobins, and the Girondins. The leader of the Jacobins, Maximilien arises as a new leader of the Revolution.
July 27 1794-Maximilien Robespierre, leader of the Jacobins, is executed and the power of the Jacobins fall with him. The Girondins gain more power as a result.August 9-20, 1794: ·Napoleon is imprisoned under suspicion of being a Jacobin and a supporter of Robespierre
June 13, 1795: ·Napoleon is promoted to General of the Army of the West
October 5, 1795: ·The government assigns Napoleon the task of suppressing civil strife and rebellion against the Republic
October 15, 1785: ·At the home of Paul Francois Barras, a Directory member, Napoleon meets Rose de Beauharnais (Josephine)
October 16, 1785: ·Barras helps Napoleon win promotion to Commander of the Army of the Interior
March 2, 1786: ·Napoleon is given command of the French army in Italy
March 9, 1796: ·Napoleon marries Josephine
March 11, 1796: ·Italian campaign against Austria begins
May 10, 1796: ·Napoleon wins the Battle of Lodi
November 17, 1796: ·Napoleon wins the Battle of Arcole
January 14, 1797: ·Napoleon wins the Battle of Rivoli
October 17, 1797: ·Napoleon draws up the Treaty of Campo-Formio with Austria
December 5, 1797: ·He returns to Paris a hero
May 19, 1798: ·Napoleon begins his Egyptian campaign
July 2, 1798: ·Fall of Alexandria
July 21, 1798: ·Wins Battle of the Pyramids against Mamelukes in Egypt
July 24, 1798: ·Fall of Cairo
August 1, 1798: ·Under the command of Admiral Nelson, the British fleet destroys the French navy in the Battle of Aboukir
August 23, 1799: ·Receiving news of turmoil in France, Napoleon returns to Paris
November 9-10, 1799: ·Following a coup d'etat, Napoleon becomes First Consul of the new French government
February 19, 1800: ·Sets up a household in Tuileries Palace
May 20, 1800: ·Napoleon leads his army across the Alps in the Second Italian Campaign
June 14, 1800: ·Wins Battle of Marengo against Austria
February 9, 1800: ·Treaty with Austria signed at Luneville
July 15, 1801: ·Signing of the Concordat between France and Rome ends schism between the French government and the Catholic Church
December 24, 1801: ·Napoleon escapes an assassination attempt
March 25, 1802: ·Treaty of Amiens signed with Britain
May 1, 1802: ·Napoleon restructures French educational system
August 4, 1802: ·New constitution adopted, making Napoleon First Consul for life
May 3, 1803: ·France sells Louisiana territory to U.S.
May 16, 1803: ·England violates Treaty of Amiens
May 18, 1804: ·Senate proclaims Napoleon Emperor
December 2, 1804: ·Napoleon crowns himself Emperor in Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris
March 17, 1805: ·Napoleon is crowned king of Italy in Milan
October 21, 1805: ·The Battle of Trafalgar marks yet another naval defeat to the British under the command of Admiral Nelson
December 2, 1805: ·Victory in the Battle of Austerlitz against Austria and Russia
March 30, 1806: ·Napoleon names his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, king of Naples, and appoints other family members to various other posts
June 14, 1807: ·Defeats the Russians at the Battle of Friedland
July 7, 1807: ·Czar Alexander I makes peace with Napoleon in the Treaty of Tilsit
July 22, 1807: ·Napoleon creates the Grand Duchy of Warsaw (Poland), to be overseen by France
November 30, 1807: ·Beginning of French occupation of Portugal
February 20, 1808: ·Napoleon sends the French marshal Joachim Murat to lead an army in Spain
May 2, 1808: ·Unsuccessful Spanish revolt against French army under Murat
June 4, 1808: ·Napoleon names Joseph Bonaparte King of Spain, and Murat King of Naples
December 15, 1809: ·Divorces Josephine
April 2, 1810: ·Marries Marie-Louise, Archduchess of Austria
March 20, 1811: ·Napoleon's son born, referred to as the "King of Rome"
June 24, 1812: ·Russian Campaign begins
September 14, 1812: ·Grand Army enters Moscow to find the city abandoned and set aflame by the inhabitants; retreating in the midst of a frigid winter, the army suffers devastating losses
December 18, 1812: ·Napoleon returns to Paris
March 17, 1813: ·Prussia declares war on France
June 21, 1813: ·The French fall to Spain in the Battle of Vitoria
January 1814: ·Anti-French coalition army enters France
March 30-31, 1814: ·Paris falls
April 2, 1814: ·Senate proclaims end of the Empire; Napoleon's wife and son flee Paris.
April 4, 1814: ·Napoleon abdicates his rule and Louis XVIII, a Bourbon, is restored to the French throne
May 4, 1814: ·Napoleon is exiled to Elba; his wife and son take refuge in Vienna
March 1, 1815: ·Escaping Elba, Napoleon returns in South France
March 7, 1815: ·Napoleon rallies the French army
March 20, 1815: ·Louis XVIII flees, Napoleon takes control, begins "Hundred Days" campaign
June 18, 1815: ·Defeated in the Battle of Waterloo by the British and Prussians, led by Wellington and Blucher
June 22, 1815: ·Abdicates for the second time
October 16, 1815: ·Napoleon is exiled to Saint Helena
March 5, 1821: ·Napoleon dies.
Inventors During Industrial Revolution
Jethro Tull
BIOGRAPHY
Tull was born in Basildon, Berkshire, to Jethro Tull, Sr and his wife Dorothy, née Buckeridge or Buckridge. He was baptised there on 30 March 1674. He grew up in Bradfield, Berkshire and matriculated at St John's College, Oxford at the age of 17. He was educated for the legal profession, but appears not to have taken a degree. He became a member of Staple Inn, and was called to the bar on 11 December 1693, by the benchers of Gray's Inn.
Tull married Susanna Smith of Burton Dassett, Warwickshire. They settled on his father's farm at Howberry, near Crowmarsh Gifford, where they had a son and two daughters.
Soon after his call to the bar, Tull became ill with a pulmonary disorder and travelled to Europe in search of a cure. He was for a considerable period at Montpellier in the south of France. During his tour Tull carefully compared the agriculture of France and Italy with that of his own country, and omitted no occasion to observe and note everything which supported his own views and discoveries. He particularly, on more than one occasion, alluded in his work to the similarity of his own horse-hoe husbandry to the practice followed by the vine-dressers of the south of Europe in constantly hoeing or otherwise stirring their ground. Finding that they did not approve of dunging their vineyards, Tull readily adduced the fact in favour of his own favourite theory: that manuring soil is an unnecessary operation.Returning to England, he took into his own hands the farm called Prosperous, at Shalbourne, in Berkshire, where resuming the agricultural efforts he had commenced in Berkshire, he wrote his Horse-hoe Husbandry.
Tull died in 1741 at Prosperous Farm at Hungerford. He is buried in the churchyard of St Bartholomew's Church, Lower Basildon, Berkshire, near his birthplace. His gravestone bears the burial date 9 March 1740 using the Old Style calendar, which is equivalent to the modern date 20 March 1740.At a later period, (1730–1740) Jethro Tull devoted all his energies to promote the introduction of this machine, "more especially as it admitted the use of the hoe."
INVENTION
SEED DRILL
IMPORTANCE
It made a big improvement over the old method of scattering seed at random,which made fields a tangle of crops and weeds thus it reduces the amount of seed used in planting.
CREDITS TO;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jethro_Tull_(agriculturist)
Turning point (book)
John Kay
BIOGRAPHY
John Kay was born on 17 June 1704 (in the Julian calendar) in the Lancashire hamlet of Walmersley,just north of Bury. His yeoman farmer father, Robert, owned the "Park" estate in Walmersley, and John was born there. Robert died before John was born, leaving Park House to his eldest son. As Robert's fifth son (out of ten), John was bequeathed £40 (at age 21) and an education until the age of 14. His mother was responsible for educating him until she remarried.
INVENTION
FLYING SHUTTLE
IMPORTANCE
The introduction of the flying shuttle greatly speed up the Weaving process.
CREDITS TO;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kay_(flying_shuttle)
Turning point (book)
James Hargreaves
BIOGRAPHY
James Hargreaves was born at Stanhill, Oswaldtwistle in Lancashire. He was described as "stout, broadset man of about five-foot ten, or rather more".He was illiterate and worked as a hand loom weaver during most of his life. He married and baptismal records show he has 13 children, of whom the author Baines in 1835 was aware of '6 or 7'. He was survived by eight children.
INVENTION
SPINNING JENNY
IMPORTANCE
Using the spinning jenny,a person could spin several threads at once.
CREDITS TO:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hargreaves
Turning point (book)
Eli Whitney
BIOGRAPHY
Whitney was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, on December 8, 1765, the eldest child of Eli Whitney Sr., a prosperous farmer, and his wife Elizabeth Fay, also of Westborough.
Although the younger Eli, born in 1765, could technically be called a "Junior", history has never known him as such. He was famous during his lifetime and afterward by the name "Eli Whitney". His son, born in 1820, also named Eli, was well known during his lifetime and afterward by the name "Eli Whitney, Jr."
Whitney's mother, Elizabeth Fay, died in 1777, when he was 11. At age 14 he operated a profitable nail manufacturing operation in his father's workshop during the Revolutionary War.
Because his stepmother opposed his wish to attend college, Whitney worked as a farm laborer and school teacher to save money. He prepared for Yale at Leicester Academy (now Becker College) and under the tutelage of Rev. Elizur Goodrich of Durham, Connecticut, he entered the class of 1789 and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1792. Whitney expected to study law but, finding himself short of funds, accepted an offer to go to South Carolina as a private tutor.
Whitney is most famous for two innovations which later divided the United States in the mid-19th century: the cotton gin (1793) and his advocacy of interchangeable parts. In the South, the cotton gin revolutionized the way cotton was harvested and reinvigorated slavery. In the North the adoption of interchangeable parts revolutionized the manufacturing industry, and contributed greatly to the U.S. victory in the Civil War.Instead of reaching his destination, he was convinced to visit Georgia. In the closing years of the 18th century, Georgia was a magnet for New Englanders seeking their fortunes (its Revolutionary-era governor had been Lyman Hall, a migrant from Connecticut). When he initially sailed for South Carolina, among his shipmates were the widow and family of the Revolutionary hero Gen. Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island. Mrs. Greene invited Whitney to visit her Georgia plantation, Mulberry Grove. Her plantation manager and husband-to-be was Phineas Miller, another Connecticut migrant and Yale graduate (class of 1785), who would become Whitney's business partner.
INVENTION
COTTON GIN
IMPORTANCE
This machine helped increase the supply of cotton ,giving the cotton industry a boost .This also made it possible to turn out as many much raw cotton as 50 workers able to do by hand.
CREDITS TO:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Whitney
Turning point (book
Thomas Savery
Biography
He was born on 1650 at Shilstone, Modbury, Devon, England and died at 1715.
INVENTION
STEAM-DRIVEN PUMP
IMPORTANCE
Thomas Savery's invention helped removed water from floded coalmines.
CREDITS TO:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Savery
Turning point (book)
Samuel F.B. Morse
BIOGRAPHY
Samuel F. B. Morse was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, the first child of the pastor Jedidiah Morse (1761–1826), who was also a geographer, and his wife Elizabeth Ann Finley Breese (1766–1828).[1] His father was a great preacher of the Calvinist faith and supporter of the American Federalist party. He thought it helped preserve Puritan traditions (strict observance of Sabbath, among other things), and believed in the Federalist support of an alliance with Britain and a strong central government. Morse strongly believed in education within a Federalist framework, alongside the instillation of Calvinist virtues, morals and prayers for his first son.
After attending Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, Samuel Morse went on to Yale College to receive instruction in the subjects of religious philosophy, mathematics and science of horses. While at Yale, he attended lectures on electricity from Benjamin Silliman and Jeremiah Day, and was a member of the Society of Brothers in Unity. He supported himself by painting. In 1810, he graduated from Yale with Phi Beta Kappa honors.
INVENTION
TELEGRAPH
IMPORTANCE
It made the communication improved especially between Britain and the continent possible.
CREDITS TO:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Morse
Turning point (book)
Robert Fulton
BIOGRAPHY
Robert Fulton was born on a farm in Little Britain, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 1765. He had at least three sisters – Isabella, Elizabeth, and Mary, and a younger brother, Abraham. He then married Harriet Livingston and had four children, Julia, Mary, Cornelia, and Robert. His father, Robert, had been a close friend to the father of painter Benjamin West, (1738-1820). Fulton later met West in England and they became friends.
Fulton stayed in Philadelphia for six years, where he painted portraits and landscapes, drew houses and machinery, and was able to send money home to help support his mother. In 1785 he bought a farm at Hopewell Township in Washington County for £80 Sterling and moved his mother and family into it. While in Philadelphia, he met Benjamin Franklin, (1705/1706-1790), then known not only for his political and writing abilities but his scientific and inventing knowledge, and other prominent figures. At age 23 he decided to visit Europe.
INVENTION
STEAM POWER FOR SHIPS
IMPORTANCE
The railroad and the steamship improved communication within nation and across the world.
CREDITS TO:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fulton
Turning point (book)
Richard Arkwright
BIOGAPHY
Richard Arkwright, the youngest of 13 children, was born in Preston, Lancashire, England on 23 December 1732. His father, Thomas, was a tailor and a Preston Guild burgess. The family is recorded in the Preston Guild Rolls now held by Lancashire Record Office. Richard's parents, Sarah and Thomas, could not afford to send him to school and instead arranged for him to be taught to read and write by his cousin Ellen. Richard was apprenticed to a Mr Nicholson, a barber at nearby Kirkham, and began his working life as a barber and wig-maker, setting up a shop at Churchgate in Bolton in the early 1750s. It was here that he invented a waterproof dye for use on the fashionable 'periwigs' (wigs) of the time, the income from which later facilitated his financing of prototype cotton machinery.
Arkwright married his first wife, Patience Holt, in 1755. They had a son, Richard Arkwright Junior, who was born the same year. In 1756, Patience died of unspecified causes. Arkwright later married Margaret Biggins in 1761 at the age of 29 years. They had three children, of whom only Susanna survived to adulthood. It was only after the death of his first wife that he became an entrepreneur.
INVENTION
WATER FRAME
IMPORTANCE
This machine produced a strong twist for warps, substituting wooden and metal cylinders for human fingers. This made possible inexpensive cotton-spinning.
CREDITS TO:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright
Alexander Graham Bell
BIOGRAPHY
Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis.His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds).Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers. For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. To close relatives and friends he remained "Aleck".
INVENTION
TELEPHONE
IMPORTANCE
It help people communicate in a better way and until now we still use telephone in our daily lives.
CREDITS TO:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell
Orville and Wilbur Wright
BIOGRAPHY
The Wright brothers were two of seven children born to Milton Wright (1828–1917), of English and Dutch ancestry, and Susan Catherine Koerner (1831–1889), of German and Swiss ancestry. Wilbur was born near Millville, Indiana, in 1867; Orville in Dayton, Ohio, in 1871. The brothers never married. The other Wright siblings were Reuchlin (1861–1920), Lorin (1862–1939), Katharine (1874–1929), and twins Otis and Ida (born 1870, died in infancy). In elementary school, Orville was given to mischief and was once expelled. The direct paternal ancestry goes back to a Samuel Wright (b. 1606 in Essex, England) who sailed to America and settled in Massachusetts in 1636.
In 1878 their father, who traveled often as a bishop in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, brought home a toy "helicopter" for his two younger sons. The device was based on an invention of French aeronautical pioneer Alphonse Pénaud. Made of paper, bamboo and cork with a rubber band to twirl its rotor, it was about a foot long. Wilbur and Orville played with it until it broke, and then built their own. In later years, they pointed to their experience with the toy as the initial spark of their interest in flying.
INVENTION
GLIDER
IMPORTANCE
Their invention of glider, which is also known as first airplane, helped us to have airplane at present which is used as a transportation .
CREDITS TO;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers
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